C63 2002 MEETING SCHEDULE

May 7-10, 2002 at Underwriters Laboratories, Northbrook, IL November 11-15, 2002 at BWI Airport, Baltimore

The tentative May meeting schedule is: Tuesday, 7 May 8 AM to Noon SC-1 Working Groups 1 PM to 5 PM SC-1 Committee 5 PM to 7 PM C63 Steering Committee (by invitation) Wednesday, 8 May 9 AM to Noon SC-8 Committee 1 PM to 3 PM SC-6 Committee 3 PM to5 PM SC-3 Committee Thursday, 9 May 9 AM to 5 PM C63 Main Committee 1 PM to 5 PM USEMCSC BOD (by invitation) Friday, 10 May 9 AM to Noon C63 Steering Committee (by invitation)

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2.1 Starting Frequency Range

The starting frequency range in C63.2 is 10 kHz. In CISPR 16-1 it is 9 kHz. Since the C63.2 was written originally over 20 years ago it is 10 kHz. .Since that time the Federal Communication Commission adopted 9 kHz as the lower frequency as did the CISPR. Consequently, the EMI receiver shall start at 9 kHz.

2.2 RF Sensitivity

The RF sensitivity of the EMI receiver shall be 0.5 µV from 9 kHz to 1000 MHz, 2.2 µV from 1 to 18 GHz and 3.0 µV from 18 GHz to 40 GHz. No requirements are given in CISPR 16-1

2.3 IF Bandwidth

The quasi-peak bandwidths are the same. In addition, for the average, peak and rms detectors the following bandwidths shall be provided:

Frequency Range -6dB Bandwidth 9kHz to 150 kHz 1 & 10 kHz 150 kHz to 30 MHz 1 & 10 kHz 30MHz to 515 MHz 10, 100 & 1000 kHz 470 to 1000 MHz 100 & 1000 kHz 1 GHz to 18 GHz 0.1, 1 & 10 MHz 18 GHz to 40 GHz 0.1, 1 & 10 MHz

Note: Impulse vs. 6dB Bandwidth. There is an argument still active that the impulse bandwidth (IBW) and not the -6dB bandwidth (BW) should be used. This is insignificant because the BW specified in CISPR 16-1 and in C63.2 has tolerances of " 25% minimum from 0.15 -30 MHz" , " 20 % from 301000MHz and " 10 % from 1 GHz - 18 GHz (Figures 2 & 3 of C63.2 and Clause 4.5.2 of CISPR 16-1). Whereas the definition of the IBW in CISPR 16-1, Clause 3.2 is 1.05 times the -6dB BW. This is only 5 % more for the IBW. Therefore; the bandwidth tolerances specified negate the IBW vs. the -6dB BW argument.

2.4 Calibrator

C63.2 specifies that either impulse or sine-wave calibration may be used. No requirements are given in CISPR 16-1.

2.5 Spurious-Free Dynamic Range

The spurious-free dynamic range shall be 60 dB in C63.2. CISPR 16-1 requires only 40 dB.

2.7 RF Dynamic Range

The RF dynamic range shall be 80 db in C63.2. No requirements are given in CISPR 16-1

2.8 Detector Integrating Tim Constant for RMS and Average Detector

The detector integrating time constant shall be variable from

1. to 100 s in C63.2. no requirements are given in CISPR 16
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SUBCOMMITTEE 1 – NOV. MEETING HIGHLIGHTS

By Don Heirman, Chair

Project 1-1.1 - C63.15 Immunity Measurements and Instrumentation (WG Chair, Mertel): Draft three of the document was sent to the parent committee for consideration to ballot by the end of the year.

Project 1-8.1 - C63.22 Automated Immunity and Emission Measurements (WG Chair, Schaefer): Preparing re-circulation of emission document taking into account negative comments. Completion expected by the first of the year. Immunity automation next consideration.

Project 1-8.3 - C63.2 to Include CISPR 16-1 (Receiver Specs) with US Foreword (WG Chair, Kuczynski): A US forward with special attention to military application with the receiver specifications of CISPR Pub 16, part 1 is being prepared. Early 2002 completion is anticipated.

Project 1-13.2 - C63.4 Site Acceptability Above 1 GHz (WG Chair, Windler): Continuing testing of new site validation technique which includes the effects of transmitting test signal off bore site axis. Additional testing planned including consideration of effect of table top materials. Project will continue well into 2002.

Project 1-15.2 - C63.4 ISN for Non-invasive Telecom Port Measurements below 30 MHz (WG Chair, Lichtig): Consideration of power measurements instead of a voltage and current only limit for conducted emissions. Project will continue well into 2002.

Project 1-15.4 - C63.16 ESD Standard Revision (WG Chair, Rhoades): No report; project is becoming important as the international work on 61000-4-2 is stalled as the revision was voted down. Plan is to speed up the work to mid year 2002

Project 1-15.5 - (All C63 Standards and/or separate document) Measurement Uncertainty (WG Co-chairs, Bronaugh and Monsen): Draft circulated to SC1 asking comments back by end of the year. Emission uncertainty will be included in first edition; immunity will be under consideration. Inputs from HP activity expected.

Project 1-15.6 - C63.5 Antenna Calibration (WG Chair, Heirman): Draft 6 successfully balloted; ballot resolution being conducted by C63 chair. Next effort includes using the so-called complex fit NSA model to provide calibration procedures above 200 MHz. Expect results of empirical validation of model by mid next year.

Project 1-15.7 - C63.4 Fully Absorber Lined Room (WG Chair, Camell): White paper on what is needed for US application being prepared by first quarter 2002.

Project 1-15.8 - Reverberation Chamber Measurement Techniques (WG Chair, Koepke): White paper on what is needed for US application being prepared by first quarter 2002. IEC 61000-4-21 is referenced

Project 1-15.9 - Maintenance of Revision to C63.4 Measurements Above 1 GHz (WG Chair, Berger): Revision matrix prepared for C63 consideration in going to ballot in C63 for 2002 edition of C63.4. This revision includes comments not considered in 2000 edition of C63.4. FCC requests consideration of ferrite tubes on cables leaving the test site area for 2002 edition. Work will then proceed for 2004 edition which will open up full document for comment and further harmonization with international standards like CISPR 22.

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SUBCOMMITTEE 6 – NOV. MEETING HIGHLIGHTS

by Dan Hoolihan, Chair

Subcommittee 6 on Laboratory Accreditation met the afternoon of November 7^th at the Sheraton Hotel in the vicinity of the Baltimore Washington International airport.

The standard-specific checklists being developed by Working Group 1 were discussed. A deadline of 31 December 2001 was agreed to for finalizing twelve (12) checklists to specific international standards. These checklists will include IEC 61000-4-x where x = 2,3,4,5,6,8, and 11. It will also include IEC 61000-3-2 and IEC 61000-3-3. Finally, it will also cover CISPR 11, 14, and 22. With respect to proficiency testing, it was decided that the subcommittee would look at adopting Guide 43 of the IEC with a U. S. foreword. A Project Initiation Notification System (PINS) will be generated for this project.

A Notice of Proposed Rule Making from the FCC on eliminating the FCC listing of labs if the lab is accredited was discussed. The consensus of the committee was that this would be a favorable situation for most labs.

Common Modifications to IEC standards for European Union standards were discussed; it was decided to put together a summary of the common modifications to the 12 standards for which this subcommittee is generating checklists.

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SUBCOMMITTEE 8 – NOV. MEETING HIGHLIGHTS

by Dan Hoolihan, Chair

Subcommittee 8 met the morning of November 8^th at the Sheraton Hotel next to the Baltimore Washington International Airport.

The Working Group revising ANSI/IEEE C63.18-1997 (American National Standard Recommended Practice for an On-Site, Ad Hoc Test Method for Estimating Radiated Electromagnetic Immunity of Medical Devices to Specific Radio-Frequency Transmitters) reported that progress was continuing on the first revision to the standard. Additional sources are being considered for the next edition plus some changes to the test procedures to reflect the experiences of people who have used the “Recommended Practice.”

Project C63.21 reported on progress of EMC measurements on medical devices connected to the human body via wires. A Preliminary report on the project is expected by the end of December.

The third Working Group of the Subcommittee reported that the published version of ANSI/IEEE C63.19-2001 (Methods of Measurement of Compatibility between Wireless Communications Devices and Hearing Aids) is now available. A revision of the document is already underway to reflect increased interest in using a GTEM for a test device.

It was also announced that the latest version of IEC 60601-1-2 was published in September; this is the international standard on EMC for Electrical Medical Devices. It is expected that the European Union will adopt the document shortly as will the United States Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). The FDA announced that IEC 60601-1-2 had been nominated for recommendation to manufacturers in the United States. It was decided at the meeting to develop a PINS for a proposed document on “Use of Cell Phones in Hospitals.” This document will be discussed more thoroughly at the next meeting of the subcommittee.

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THE QUASI-PEAK DETECTOR

by Edwin L. Bronaugh, ANSI ASC C63 Historian

© 2001 IEEE. Reprinted, with permission, from IEEE EMC Society Newsletter, Issue No. 190, Summer 2001.

(Note: This article is sponsored by the US EMC Standards Corp.)

Many modern EMC practitioners have asked how the Quasi-Peak detector came about. In this article, I will attempt to provide some historical answers to this question. But first, some EMC history may be appropriate. The science of EMC started out in the 1920s and 1930s as an effort to solve problems with what would later be called RIV (radio influence voltage) and RIF (radio influence field-strength). ¹ In those days, this “science” dealt entirely with “noises” which interfered with radio broadcast reception and the reception of government and licensed commercial services.

Quoting from [1], “Almost from the beginning of radio broadcasting, the electric utility companies were faced with problems of radio noise. In 1924 the National Electric Light Association appointed a committee to study the subject. The manufacturers of electric power equipment had encountered similar problems, and in 1930, a subcommittee of the NEMA Codes and Standards Committee was set up. The following year, the EEI-NEMA-RMA ² Joint Coordination Committee on Radio Reception was organized.” The EMC efforts addressed mostly unintentionally generated man-made radio noises such as noise from power lines (probably corona and leakage noise), switching transients, electric motor commutator sparking, automobile ignition noise, etc., and some natural phenomena such as atmospheric noise and signal fading. In those days, these efforts were far from a science because the phenomena of concern were not well understood, and solutions for the interference problems were often considered akin to “black magic.” The instruments used in those days were relatively simple radio broadcast and communications receivers sometimes accompanied by an

¹ We did not get around to calling it radio frequency interference (RFI) until much later, and then much, much later we started calling the science Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). ² Edison Electric Institute, National Electrical Manufacturers Association, and Radio Manufacturers Association.

external audio frequency voltmeter to provide a somewhat less subjective notion of the amount of radio-noise being received.

During this time, the CISPR ³ had been organized and undertook to develop a method of voltage measurement in the frequency range from 150 kHz to 1605 kHz. To develop the method and an instrument, an assessment of interference related to its effect on the reception of sound broadcasting was needed. As mentioned above, much of the interference was impulsive in nature and its effect increased with increasing repetition rate in a way that was shown to be approximated by a quasi-peak detector circuit with appropriate time constants. During this development, engineers and scientists from both Europe and North America were involved in the CISPR, since it was an international organization.

In the 1930s, a board of listeners was formed to decide what characteristics of a radio disturbance caused annoying interference, and the degree of annoyance, for listeners to radio broadcast (sound) reception. The broadcast receiver of the day received signals in the LF or MF bands, and had an IF bandwidth of between 8 kHz and 10 kHz. The desired signal was a carrier with voice or music amplitude modulation. Using a radio broadcast receiver equipped with an audio output voltmeter, the board of listeners rated the annoyance of the interference with its audio output and its particular pulse repetition frequency. Each member of the board of listeners was said to have worked independently, so that the results would be statistically useful. Out of this study came the specifications for the quasi-peak (QP) detector used in the first CISPR Radio-Noise Meter. When radio broadcasting was extended into the HF band, the frequency range of the CISPR Radio-Noise Meter was extended upward from 1605 kHz to 30 MHz. Since the later radio broadcasting services to be protected had about the same characteristics as the earlier ones, the QP detector from the early CISPR Radio-Noise Meter was retained, and did a good job predicting the interference effects of radio disturbances. CISPR Publication 1 was the specification for this radio-noise meter.

The CISPR has extended the quasi-peak technique to a much broader range of frequencies over the years. Currently, CISPR radio-noise meters use the QP detector from 9 kHz to 1 GHz; and, there is discussion of extending it into the GHz frequency range. I have not read anything that indicates that the QP detector, even with different bandwidths and time constants, is really appropriate to measure interference to radio and television broadcasting and radio communications above 30 MHz. As far as I can tell, there was no formal “board of listeners or viewers” to decide that some form of QP detector appropriately predicted the interference effect of various radio disturbances to the radio services operating above 30 MHz. But, right or wrong, quoting from [2], “Instruments using the quasi-peak detector still remain as the basic reference for determining compliance with CISPR limits.”

³ CISPR is an abbreviation made up of the initials of the French for “International Special Committee on Radio-Interference.”

This has been a short historical sketch of the QP detector. Many technical and historical questions remain unanswered. I am therefore extending this invitation to any readers out there who can add to it. Perhaps we can finally put together a really good history of the QP detector and archive it so it won’t get lost, again. Some questions that were asked by an anonymous reviewer deserve answers, but require much research. They are (in no particular order):

1) Who actually designed the first QP detector and why QP?

2) For many years CISPR QP and ANSI QP were different. How did this happen and why was the ANSI QP dumped in favor of the CISPR QP?

3) How were the charge and discharge time constants selected for the first QP detectors and why were they changed over the years? How was the bandwidth selected? [Note: the 9 kHz bandwidth was the prevalent bandwidth of radio receivers for sound broadcast reception at the time. EdB]

4) The dynamic range of the first CISPR meters was less than 15 dB, whereas the first Stoddart meters had a dynamic range of 40 dB. Why did the CISPR meter have this limitation and how did Stoddart get around it?

5) Who put together this first board of listeners? What were they asked to do and what meters with what detectors were used in this work? Was the QP detector really designed as a result of this work?

6) When CISPR extended the QP technique to a broader range of frequencies, how did they come up with the time constants in this meter since they are not the same as the time constants for the lower frequency meter?

7) What about the T&D Committee of the IEEE PES “board of listeners” that evaluated TV reception in the presence of power line interference several years ago?

8) With the proliferation of communication systems, one could easily ask if any single detector can adequately predict the interference effect of all the various disturbances on all the various communications systems.

Bibliography
[1]	ASA4	C63.4-1963,			American Standard Methods							of
	Measurement of Radio-Noise Voltage and Radio-Noise
	Field Strength 0.015 to 25 Megacycles/Second Low-
	Voltage			Electric		Equipment		and		Nonelectric
	Equipment, p. 3.
[2]	CISPR Publication 16:1987, C.I.S.P.R. specification for
	radio		interference				measuring		apparatus		and
	measurement methods, Second Edition, pp. 13 & 15.

ASC C63 STANDARDS ACTIVITY SUMMARY

[3]	E.	L.			Bronaugh, “Introduction																							to		Electromagnetic
	Compatibility:											Review,											History								and				Trends,”
	Proceedings										of					the				17th						Electrical/Electronics
	Insulation Conference, IEEE EIS, NEMA and ICWA,
	Boston, MA, Sept. 30 - Oct. 3, 1985, p. 177.
[4]	E. L. Bronaugh and W. S. Lambdin, Electromagnetic
	Interference Test Methodology and Procedures, Vol. 6,
	Handbook series on Electromagnetic Interference and
	Compatibility, Interference Technologies, Inc.,																																					State
	Route		625,						P.O.					Box					D, Gainesville, VA																	22065,
	U.S.A., 1988, pp. 1.22-1.24 & 3.35-3.38.
[5]	ANSI			C63.4-1981,													American										National							Standard
	Methods							of		Measurement											of			Radio-Noise									Emissions
	from Low-Voltage Electrical and Electronic Equipment
	in the Range of 10 kHz to 1000 MHz, p. 3.
[6]	CISPR Publication 7:1969, Recommendations of the
	C.I.S.P.R., Amendment No. 1:1973; and supplements.
	CISPR Publications 7A:1973, First supplement; and,
	7B:1975, Second supplement.
[7]	CISPR					Publication												8:1969,							Reports							and					Study
	Questions of the C.I.S.P.R., Amendment No. 1:1973;
	and supplements.														CISPR 8A:1973, First supplement;
	CISPR 8B:1975, Second supplement, Amendment No.
	1:1980;						CISPR						8C:1980,									Third							supplement;										and,
	CISPR 8D:1982, Fourth supplement.

Edwin L. (Ed) Bronaugh is a Life Fellow of the IEEE and an Honorary Life Member of the EMC Society. He has often served on the EMC Society Board of Directors, and is a past president of the Society. He is also a distinguished lecturer on EMC topics. He is a member of the EMC Standards Committee and represents the IEEE on ANSI-Accredited Standards Committee C63; of which he is Vice Chairman. He is a member of the US Technical Advisory Groups for CISPR, CISPR/A and CISPR/G. The EMC Society has awarded him several of its highest awards including the Richard R. Stoddart Award, the Lawrence G. Cumming Award and the Standards Medallion, and the IEEE Third Millennium Medal in 2000. He has authored a book on EMI measurements and authored over 150 papers in professional meetings and publications. He is a senior member of the National Association of Radio and Telecommunications Engineers (Certified EMC Engineer). He is listed in Who's Who in America, Who's Who in the World, Who’s Who in Science and Engineering, Who’s Who in the South and Southwest, and Men of Achievement. Mr. Bronaugh is Principal of EdB™EMC Consultants, an independent EMC consulting firm. Previously, he was Lead Engineer for Siemens for Hardware Design Assurance at Siemens Communication Devices, Austin, Texas, Vice President for Engineering at the Electro-Mechanics Company, Technical Director of Electro-Metrics, and Manager of EMC Research at Southwest Research Institute. He may be reached at ed.bronaugh@ieee.org.

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EXISTING STANDARDS	STATUS	ACTIVITY LEADER
C63.2-1996 Instrumentation	Revision underway (see article this Newsletter)	Mertel
C63.4-2001 Measurement methods	Revision underway	Berger
C63.5-1998 Antenna calibration	Revision underway	Windler
C63.6-1996 Error budget for OATS measurements	No activity
C63.7-1992 OATS, construction of	No activity
C63.12-2000 EMC limit setting	No activity
C63.13-1991 EMI power line filters	To be withdrawn
C63.14-1998 EMC definitions	No activity
C63.16-1993 ESD test methodologies	Revision underway	Rhoades
C63.17-1998 Unlicensed personal communication services devices	No activity
C63.18-1997 Medical devices; radiated immunity test	Revision underway	Mertel
C63.19-2001 EMC of hearing aids & wireless communication devices	Revision underway	Berger
NEW STANDARDS
C63.8 Compendium of EMC standards	Work underway	Mertel
C63.15 Immunity measurements & instrumentation	Draft in preparation	Mertel
C63.21 Evaluate RF immunity-electro-med devices	Work underway	Bassen
C63.22 Guide for automated EMI measurements	Expect to re-circulate ballot January 2002	Schaefer
C63.24 In-situ immunity testing	Draft in preparation	Mertel

C63 OFFICERS’ DIRECTORY

Dr. Ralph M. Showers, Chairman (showers@ee.upenn.edu) Edwin L. Bronaugh, Vice-Chairman (ed.bronaugh@ieee.org) Robert Pritchard, Secretary (r.pritchard@ieee.org) Warren A. Kesselman, Treasurer/Newsletter Editor (w.kesselman@ieee.org) Donald N. Heirman, Chair SC-1 Techniques and Development (d.heirman@worldnet.att.net) Dr. J.L.Norman Violette, Chair SC-2 Terms and Definitions (enviolette@msn.com) John Lichtig, Chair SC-3 International Standardization (JFL@LichtigEMC.com) Herbert K. Mertel, Chair SC-5 Immunity Measurements (hmertel@ieee.org) Daniel D. Hoolihan, Chair SC-6 Accreditation/Conformity Assessment (hoolihan@emcxpert.com) Daniel D. Hoolihan, Chair SC-8 Medical Device EMC Test Methods (hoolihan@emcxpert.com)

ACCREDITED STANDARDS COMMITTEE C63 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY NEWSLETTER is published approximately forty-five days after a C63 Committee meeting and is available on the web site http://C63.ieee.org. That site also contains much information about C63 and its subcommittees.

© 2001 ASC C63. Articles may be reproduced in whole or in part provided that the source “ASC C63” and Newsletter edition and date is mentioned in full.